R (Gas Constant) R (Rectus) R Chromophore R Group R Loop R Plasmid (Resistance Plasmid) R Point R Segment (Repeat Segment) R segments R Plasmid R&D (Research and Development ) R&D (Research and Development) R.A.M )Relative Atomic Mass or Atomic Weight) R.m.m. (Relative Molecular Mass) R0 / Reproductive Rate R5P (Ribose-5-Phosphate) RAB32 (Ras-Related Protein Rab-32) Rabbit Reticulocyte System Rabex5 (Rab5 GDP/GTP Exchange Factor) Rabies Rabies Virus RABS (RAb-Related Proteins) RAC (Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee) Race Race Race RACE (Rapid Amplification of CDNA Ends) Racemase Racemic Racemic Mixture Racemic Mixture Tracemate Rachel Carson (1907-1964) (Scientist) RACK1 (Receptor for Activated Protein Kinase C1) RAD Rad (Radiation Absorbed Dose) Rad53 (Protein Kinase Spk1) Radial Velocity Radian Radiant Energy Radiant Intensity Radiation Radiation Radiation (2) Radiation Inactivation Method Radiation Oncology Radiation Pollution Radiation Therapy Radiation Therapy Radical Radioactive Carbon (C11, C14) Radioactive Constant Radioactive Decay of Minerals Radioactive Half-Life Radioactive Half-Life Radioactive Hydrogen (Deuterium, Tritium) Radioactive Iodine (RAI) Radioactive Isotope Radioactive Isotope (Radioisotope) Radioactive Phosphorus (Labeled Phosphorus) Radioactive Sulfur Radioactive Tracer Radioallergosorbent Test (RAST) Radioautography Radiobiology or Radiation Biology Radiocarbon Radiocarbon Dating Radiocarbon Dating (Carbon-14 Dating) Radiochemical Analysis Radiochemistry Radiofrequency Radiation; Radiogenomics Radioimmunoassay (Radioimmunological Assay) Radioimmunoassay (RIA) Radioisotope Radioisotope Radioisotope Radioisotope Scan Radioisotopes Uses Radioisotopes Uses Radioisotopic Assays Radioisotopic Labeling Radiology Scans Radiomics Radionuclide Radiosensitive Radiotherapy Radiotherapy Radiotracer (Radioactive Tracer) Radium (Ra) Radon (Rn) Raffinose RAGs (Recombination Activating Genes) Rain Enhancement Program RAM Mutation (Ribosomal Ambiguity Mutation) Ramachandran Plot Raman Effect Raman Effect Raman Scattering Raman Spectroscopy Raman Spectroscopy RAMP (Receptor Activity Modifying Protein) Ran Random Random Aariable Random Mechanism or Random Pathway Random Coil Random Priming Random Sample; Randomization Randomized Clinical Study Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT) Randomized Controlled Trail (RCT) Range (In The Analytical Sense) Ranitidine RANK (Receptor Activator of NF-jB) Rapalog RAPD PCR (Random Polymorphic DNA PCR) Rapid Acting Insulin Rapid Neutron Capture (R-Process) Rapid-Start Complex RAR (Retinoic Acid Receptor) Rare Earth Elements Rare Earth Elements (REEs) Rare-Cutter Enzyme Ras RAS )Renin-Angiotensin System) ras Gene Ras GTPase Activating Protein ras Protein RasiRNA (Repeat-Associated siRNA) Rat Brown Norway- Rat Genetically Hypertensive (HS)- Rat Genome Databas Rat Lewis- Rat Sprague Dawley (SD)- Rat Wistar- Rat, Albino- Rate Rate Limiting Step Rate-Limiting Rate-Limiting Step Rate-Limiting Step (Rate Limiting Step) Ration Rational Rational Drug Design; Rational Formula Ratites Raw Raw Data (Primary Data) Raw Data(Original Data) Raw Material Raw Opium Raw Sequence (In Bioinformatics) Rayleigh Scattering Rb rbcL  RBD (Receptor-Binding Domain) RBD-specific Antibodies RBP (RNA Binding Protein) RBX )RING box protein) RCC1 RcdA RCTs (Randomized Controlled Trials) RDBMS (Relational Database Management System) RDF (Refuse-derived fuel) rDNA (Ribosomal DNA, Recombinant DNA) RDRP )RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase) RE (Response Element) Re Site Reactant Reaction Reaction Coordinate Reaction Intermediate Reaction Mechanism Reaction Pathway Reaction Time Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS) Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS) Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS) Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Reactogenicity Read Read Alignment, Read Mapping Read Through Protein Reader Reading Frame Reading Frame Reading Frame Shift Mutation Readthrough Ready-To-Use-Therapeutic Food Reagent Grade Real Gases Realm Real-Time PCR Rearrangement Reaction RecA (Recombinase A) Recalibration RecBCD Pathway (Rec-BCD Pathway) Receptor Receptor Agonist Receptor Cross-Talk Receptor Editing Receptor-Destroying Enzyme Receptor–Effector Complex Recessive Recessive Allele Recessive Character Recessive Describing Recessive Gene Recessive Gene Recessive Trait RecG Reciprocal Reciprocal Translocation Reciprocity Recircularization or Recircularisation Recognition Recognition Helix Recognition Phase Recognition Sequence Recognition Site Recombinant Recombinant Recombinant Clone Recombinant Clone Recombinant DNA Recombinant DNA (rDNA) Recombinant DNA Molecule Recombinant DNA Technology Recombinant DNA Technology Recombinant DNA Technology Recombinant Enzyme Uses Recombinant Enzymes Recombinant F− Cell Recombinant Joint Recombinant Protein Recombinant Strain Recombinant Subunit Vaccine Recombinant Vaccine Recombinant  DNA Steps Recombinant  DNA Steps Recombinase Recombination Recombination Recombination Recombination Frequency Recombination Nodules (Nodes) Recombinational Repair Recombinational Repair Recombination-Repair Recoverin Recovery Recurrence Risk Recursive Splicing Recycling (2) Recycling (Upcycling) Red Algae (Rhodophyta) Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes) Red Giant Red Muscle Red Palm Weevil Red Phosphorus (Amorphous Phosphorus) Red Phosphorus (P) Red Tide Red Tide Toxins (Algal Toxins) Redox (Reduction-Oxidation) Redox (Reduction-Oxidation) Reaction Redox Balance Redox Couple Redox Couple (Redox Pair) Redox Enzyme Redox Indicator Redox Pair Redox Potential (E) Redox Potential (Eh) Redox Potential (Eo') Redox Reaction Redox Reactions (Reduction-Oxidation) Reactions) Reducing Agent Reducing Agent (Reductant) Reducing End Reducing Enzyme Reducing Equivalent Reducing Factor (Ascorbic Acid) Reducing Sugar Reducing Sugar Test Reductant (Reducing Agent) Reductase Reduction Reduction Reductionism Reduction-Oxidation (Redox) Reaction Reductive Carboxylic-Acid Cycle or Reductive Tricarboxylic-Acid Cycle Reductive Pentose Cycle (Calvin Cycle) Reductive Pentose Cycle (Calvin Cycle) Reductone Redundancy Redundancy Reemerging (Resurgent) Reentrancy Reference Electrode Reference Frame Reference Genome Reference Material References Refractometer Refractory Refrigerated Centrifuges RefSeq (Reference Sequence) Refute Regeneration Regeneration Time Regenerative Medicine Regenerative Medicine Regenerative Medicine Regenerative Medicine (Stem Cell Therapy) Regimens Region Region Selective Pluripotent Stem Cells Regression Regression Analysis Regression Line Regression Line Regression Tree Regular Expression Regulation (In Metabolism) Regulator Gene or Regulatory Gene Regulatory Enzyme Regulatory Enzyme Regulatory Gene Regulatory Gene Regulatory Genes Regulatory Genes (Prokaryotes) Regulatory Peptides Regulatory Sequence Regulatory Sequence Regulatory Site Regulatory T cell Regulatory T Cells Regulatory T Cells (Treg Cells) Regulon Reinforcement Learning Rejection Relapse Relapse Relative Biologic Effectiveness (RBE) Relative Centrifugal Force (G) Relative Centrifugal Force (RCF) Relative Code Relative Humidity (RH) Relative Molecular Mass Relative Refractive Index Relative Value Unit Relativistic Quantum Mechanics Relaxase Relaxation (In Chemistry) Relaxed DNA Relaxed Mutants Relaxosome Release Release Factors Release-Inhibiting Factor or Release-Inhibiting Hormone Releaser Releasing Factors Releasing Hormone Releasing Hormone or Releasing Factor Relevant Reliability REM (Rapid Eye Movement) Remdesivir Remdesivir Remedy REMI (Restriction Enzyme-Mediated Integration) Remission Remnant Hyperlipidemia or Type III Hyperlipidemia or Familial Betadysproteinemia Remote Remote Learning Renaissance Renal Renal Rickets Renaturation Renaturation Renewable Energy Renewable Energy Sources Renewable Energy Types Renin (Angiotensinogenase) Renin Inhibitors Renin–Angiotensin System Renogenic Cells Reoviridae; Reovirus Reoviruses Repair Enzyme Repair Synthesis Repeat Sequence or Repetitive Sequence ;(In Proteins) Repetitive Repetitive DNA Repetitive DNA Repetitive DNA Repetitive DNA Replacement Therapy Replacement Vector; Replica Plating Replicase Replication Replication Replication Replication Nonconservative- Replication Bubble Replication Complex Replication Dispersive- Replication DNA- Replication Factory (Replisome) Replication Fork Replication Fork Replication Fork Replication of DNA; Replication Origin Replication Stress Replication Termination Protein Replication, Conservative- Replication-Defective Virus Replication-Error Mutation Replicative Immortality Replicative Senescence Replicative Transposition Replicon Replisome Replisome (Replication Factory) Reporter Gene Reporter Genes  Reporting Verb Repressed Repressed Gene Repressible Enzyme Repressible Gene Repression Repression Gene Repressor Repressor Repressor Gene Repressor Protein Reproducibility Reproducibility (of Results of Measurements) Reproducible Reproduction Reproduction Reprogrammed Somatic Cells Research Research Research Research Consortium Research Design Research Hub Research Methodology Research on Research Institute Research Output Research Plan Research Project Research Promotion Research Proposal Research Publishing Research Subjects Resection Resemble Reserve Polysaccharide Reservoir Reservoir of Virus Residence Time Residency Resident Residual Body Residual Insecticide Residual Neural Networks Residue Residue Residue Antigens Resins Resins and Oils Resistance Resistance Resistance Donor Resistance Plasmid Resistance Protein Resolution Resolution Resolvase Resonance Hybrid Resonance Raman Spectroscopy Resonance Stabilization or Resonance Stabilisation Resorption Respiration Respiration Respiratory Respiratory Burst Respiratory Chain Respiratory Chain Phosphorylation Respiratory Complex; Respiratory Enzyme Respiratory Enzymes Respiratory Pigment; Respiratory Quotient (RQ) Respiratory State or State of The Respiratory Chain Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Vaccine Respirometer Response Coefficient Response Element Response Regulator Response Time Resting Potential Restricted DNA Restriction Restriction Restriction Restriction Endonuclease Restriction Endonuclease Restriction Endonuclease or Restriction Enzyme or Restriction Nuclease Restriction Endonucleases Restriction Enzyme Restriction Enzyme Cutting Site Restriction Enzymes Restriction Enzymes (Restriction Endonucleases) Restriction Enzymes Types Restriction Fragment Restriction Fragment Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs) Restriction Fragment-Length Polymorphism (RFLP) Restriction Fragment-Length Polymorphism (RFLP) Restriction Map Restriction Point Restriction Site Restriction–Modification System; Resurgent Infectious Resveratrol Resveratrol Resveratrol Resveratrol (3) Resynthesis Retention Time Retention Volume Reticulate Body Reticulated (Reticular) Reticulum Retina Retinal (Retinaldehyde; Vitamin A Aldehyde) Retinal Detachment Retinal Related Compounds Retinitis Pigmentosa Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) Retinoblastoma Retinoblastoma Protein (prb) Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein Retinoic Acid Retinoic Acid (RA) Retinoic Acid Receptor Retinoic-Acid Retinoid Retinol-Binding Protein Retinol-Binding Protein A Protein; Retraction Retro Element Retrogene Retrograde Labeling Retrograde Transport Retroposon or Retrotransposon A Transposable Element Retrospective Retrospective Analysis Retrospective Study Retrospective Tests Retrotransposon Retrotransposon (Retroposon) Retroviral Infection Retroviral Integrase Retroviral Vector Retrovirus Retrovirus Retrovirus or (Ribodeoxyvirus; RNA–DNA Virus) Retroviruses Retroviruses (RT Viruses) Reverse Reverse Cholesterol Transport Reverse Dialysis Reverse Genetics or Positional Cloning. Reverse Genetics (Positional Cloning) Reverse Strand Reverse Transcriptase Reverse Transcriptase (RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase) Reverse Transcriptase (RT) Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Reverse Transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) Reverse Transcription Reversed Phase or Reverse Phase Reversible Reversible Reversible / Irreversible Reactions Reversible / Irreversible Reactions Reversible Hydrogen Electrode Reversible Inhibition (Competitive Inhibitor) Reversible Inhibitor Reversible Inhibitors Reversible Inhibitors (2) Reversible Reaction Reversible Reaction Reversion Reversion Frequency Reversion Spectroscope; Revertant Review Revitalization Revitalize Rewilding Reye Syndrome RF )Release Factor) or (R Factor) Rf Value Rf Value RF1 RF2 RF3 RFC )Reduced Folate Carrier) RFLP )Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) RGS (Regulator of G protein signaling) RH (Radiation Hybrid) Mapping Rh (Rhesus Factor) Rh (Rhesus) Rh Antigen Rh Disease Rh Factor rh Factor Inheritance RH Mapping (Radiation Hybrid Mapping) Rh Negative Rh Positive rh Rhesus Negative rh Rhesus Positive Rhabdoviruses Rhazes (865-925) (Scientist) Rhenium (Re) Rhesus (rh) Rheumatic Diseases Rheumatoid Factors Rhinovirus Rhizobium Rhizosphere Rho factor Rho Protein Rho-Dependent Termination Rhodopsin Rhodopsin Kinase RhoGEF )Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor) Rhogtpases Rhombencephalon (Hindbrain) Rhomboid Protease RI (Recombinant Inbred) Ri Plasmid RIA (Radioimmunoassay) RIA (Radioimmunoassay) Ribonuclease Ribonuclease (RNase) Ribonuclease Inhibitor Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) Ribonucleotide Reductase Ribonucleotide Reductase Riboprobe Ribose Ribose Nucleoprotein Ribose Phosphate Diphosphokinase (Phosphoribosyl Pyrophosphate Synthetase, Ribose-Phosphate Pyrophosphokinase) Ribose-5-Phosphate Isomerase Ribose-Binding Protein Riboside (Ribonucleotide) Ribosomal Ambiguity Ribosomal Frameshift Ribosomal Protein (r-Protein) Ribosomal Protein L11 Methyltransferase Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinase Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Ribosome Ribosome Ribosome & Ribosomal Proteins Ribosome 3D Structures Ribosome Inactivating Protein Ribosome Receptor Ribosome Recycling Factor Ribosome Stalling Ribosome-Binding Site Ribosomes Ribosomes Riboswitch Ribothymidine Ribotype Ribozyme Ricin Ricin Rickets or Rachitis Rickettsia Rickettsia Rickettsial Toxin Rift Valley Fever Rift Valley Fever Virus Right Handed Helix Ring Chromosome RING Finger A Zinc Finger Ring Species Ringing Risbases RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing) RISC (RNA-Induced Silencing Complex) Rise Risk Risk Risk Factor Risk Factor Risk Management RITS (RNA-Induced Transcriptional Gene Silencing) or RNA Induced Initiation Of Gene Silencing Rituxan Rituximab River Blindness (Onchocerciasis) River Downstream River Upstream RmlC RMS (Root Mean Square) RMSD (Root Mean Square Deviation) Rn (Radon) RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) RNA Antisense- (aRNA, asRNA) RNA Binding Rotein RNA Circular (circRNA) RNA CRISPR- (crRNA) RNA Editing RNA Editing RNA Editing Enzyme RNA Exonuclease Enzymes RNA Guide (gRNA) RNA Helicase RNA Ligase RNA Ligase RNA Messenger- (mRNA) RNA Micro (miRNA) RNA Non-Coding (ncRNA) RNA Polymerase RNA Polymerase RNA Polymerase RNA Polymerase RNA Polymerase II RNA Polymerization RNA Primer RNA Processing RNA Regulator RNA Regulators RNA Regulon RNA Silencing or Cosuppression or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) RNA Silencing Suppressor RNA Small Interfering (siRNA) RNA Small Nuclear- (snRNA) RNA Splicing RNA Surveillance Systems RNA Synthetase RNA Transcription RNA Transcripts RNA Transfer (tRNA) RNA Transfer Messenger- (tmRNA) RNA Tumour Virus RNA Types- RNA Uridylyltransferase RNA Virus RNA Virus RNA Virus Types RNA Viruses (2) RNA-Activated Protein Kinase (PKR) RNA-Binding Proteins RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Inhibitors RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase  (Reverse Transcriptase) RNAi (RNA Interference) RNAi (RNA Interference) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing or Ribonucleic Acid Interference RNAi (RNA Interference; Silencing) RNA-Interacting Module RNase (Ribonuclease) RNase (Ribonuclease) RNase Inhibitor RNase OUT RNA-seq (RNA Sequencing) RNP )Ribonucleoprotein) Robot Robotic Robotic Surgery Robotics Robust Rodent Rodenticide Rodenticide Poisoning Roe-Deer Roentgen Rays (X Rays) Rogue Metabolite Roll Roll Out Roll Over Roller Rolling Circle Rolling Circle Replication Rolling Disease Rolling Movement Roll-to-Roll Technology Rop Protein Roridin Rorquals ROS (Reactive Oxygen Specie) Rosalind Franklin Rosalind Franklin (1920-1958) (Scientist) Rosette Rosin Rossmann Fold Rotary Enzyme Rotary Evaporator Rotary Vacuum Seal Rotational Positioning Rotational Symmetry Rotatory Evaporation Rotavirus Rotavirus Rotavirus Rotenone Rotor Syndrome Rotoscoping Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) Rougheye Rockfish Roundworm Royal Botanic Gardens (Kew Gardens) Royal Jelly Royal Purple RPA (Robotic Process Automation) RPM (Revolutions Per Minute) RRF (Ribosome Recycling Factor other name: Ribosome Releasing Factor) RRM ( RNA Recognition Motif) rRNA )Ribosomal RNA) rRNA(Ribosomal RNA) RSK (Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinase) RSS (Recombination Signal Sequences) RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus) RSV (RS Virus) RSV )Rous Sarcoma Virus) RSV Vaccine (Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine) RT (Reverse Transcriptase) RT In Situ PCR RTKs (Receptor Tyrosine Kinases) RT-PCR (Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction or Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction or Real-Time PCR) RT-PCR Testing Ru1,5P (Rbulose-1,5-Bisphosphate) Ru5P (Ribulose-5-Phosphate) Rubber Rubella (German Measles) Virus Rubella Virus Rubidium (Rb) Electronic Configuration RuBisCO Rule of Law Rumen Rust Rut Rutamycin RXR (Retinoid X Receptor) Ryanodine Receptor RYR (Ryanodine Receptor)